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From its homeland in Bordeaux, the black grape variety Merlot has been exported and planted throughout the world. It’s very versatile in that it can produce both light, fruity wines intended for immediate consumption, as well as pronounced, concentrated wines that improve with oak and ageing. It is often used to add softness and red-fruit flavours to blends that have more tannic grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon.
New World wine regions (California, Chile) tend to emphasize late harvesting for extra ripeness, producing wines that are fuller-bodied with high alcohol, intense plum and blackberry fruit, and velvety tannins. Old World wine regions typically favour harvesting earlier to maintain acidity, producing medium-bodied wines with moderate alcohol levels that have fresh, red fruit flavours (raspberries, strawberries) and leafy, vegetal notes. This is a traditional "Bordeaux style" of Merlot.
In the early 90s, Merlot suffered from a poor public image. In California, most were soft, flabby and borderline sweet. Then, when the movie Sideways came out in 2004 – “if anyone orders Merlot, I’m leaving” – Merlot sales dropped almost 2% (while Pinot Noir sales increased 16%). Thankfully, things are a bit brighter for Merlot these days.